A ceramic capacitor is fabricated by extruding high-permittivity capacitor ceramics (barium titanate-titanium monoxide) into tubes, discs or wafers as the dielectric, then depositing silver electrodes on the ceramic substrate via the firing infiltration method. It falls into two major categories: high-frequency ceramic dielectric capacitors and low-frequency ceramic dielectric capacitors.
What Is Its Fabrication Principle?
A ceramic capacitor is fabricated by extruding high-permittivity capacitor ceramics (barium titanate-titanium monoxide) into tubes, discs or wafers as the dielectric, then depositing silver electrodes on the ceramic substrate via the firing infiltration method. It falls into two major categories: high-frequency ceramic dielectric capacitors and low-frequency ceramic dielectric capacitors. Capacitors with a small positive temperature coefficient of capacitance are deployed in high-stability oscillation circuits as tank capacitors and padding capacitors. Low-frequency ceramic capacitors are limited to bypassing or DC blocking in low-frequency circuits, or scenarios with loose requirements for stability and loss (including partial high-frequency applications). They are not suitable for pulse circuits, as they are vulnerable to breakdown under pulsed voltage.
How Are Ceramic Capacitors Classified?
By packaging form, ceramic capacitors are split into through-hole and SMD (surface-mount) types. By dielectric property, they are divided into Class I and Class II ceramic capacitors. Common Class I models include NP0, SL0 and C0G, while typical Class II variants cover X7R, X5R, Y5U and Y5V. Class I ceramic capacitors feature outstanding capacitance stability, barely affected by fluctuations in temperature, voltage and time, yet usually come with low capacitance values. Class II counterparts have poor capacitance stability with notable drift caused by temperature, voltage and time changes, making them ideal for scenarios with relaxed stability requirements such as filtering. Important parameter： 1. Capacitance 2. Rated voltage 3. Tolerance 4. Size $C = \frac{\varepsilon_o\varepsilon_r A}{d}$ $\varepsilon_o$: permittivity of free space $\varepsilon_r$: relative dielectric constant $A$: electrode plate area $d$: spacing between electrode plates
What Are Its Main Applications?
High-voltage ceramic capacitors for high-power and high-voltage scenarios demand compact size, high voltage resistance and excellent frequency response. Advances in dielectric materials, electrode craftsmanship and manufacturing techniques have driven remarkable progress and wide adoption of such products. High-voltage ceramic capacitors have become indispensable components for high-power high-voltage electronic devices, primarily applied in power transmission & distribution equipment and pulse energy processing facilities.
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